[x]

"وقـل اعمـلوا فسـيرى الله عـملكم ورسـوله والمؤمنـون"


..لمحة عن كليات جامعة دمشق و فروعها... شاركنا تجربتك وكلمنا عن اختصاصك



المحـاضـرات
برنـامج الـدوام
برنـامج الامتحــان
النتـائج الامتحـانيـة
أسـئلة دورات
أفكـار ومشــاريع
حلقــات بحـث
مشــاريع تخـرّج
"وقـل اعمـلوا فسـيرى الله عـملكم ورسـوله والمؤمنـون"
كلية الصيدلة

مواضيع مميزة..


مواضيع ننصح بزيارتها .:Pharmacy:. عش متعة الصيدلة .:Pharmacy:. تقنية الويكي: معاً نحو محتوى عربي رقمي علمي نصنعه معاً .:Pharmacy:. ساحة مشروع ترجمة موسوعة التكنولوجيا الصيدلية .:Pharmacy:. تعو نلازم كلنا سوا .:Pharmacy:. معلومة عالماشي يا صـــــــيــــــــدلــــــي .:Pharmacy:. كل شـــي جـــديــــد .:Pharmacy:. مواقع الشركات الدوائية
مواضيع مميزة:
مـنـتـدى تـرجـمــة وتـدقـيـق أقــســام الـمـوســـوعـة
للتواصل مع الهيئة الإدارية في كلية الصيدلة اضغط هنا
ويكـي فـارما

المركز الإخباري الــصــيدلاني

مشروع ترجمة الموسوعة التكنلوجية الصيدلانية

موسوعة العلوم العربية

مشروع المجلة الطبية Medical Journal

مشروع الأختام الجماعية الدورية

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30-03-2011 05:53 PM




السلام عليكم


Gene, Lack of B Vitamin Linked to Increased Colon Cancer Risk in Mice

Newswise — ITHACA, N.Y. – Offering a likely insight into how such cancers develop in humans – Cornell University researchers report they have identified a gene that increases the risk for colon cancer in laboratory mice when the animals’ diets are deficient in folate.

The new study, “Shmt1 Heterozygosity Impairs Folate-Dependent Thymidylate Synthesis Capacity and Modifies Risk of Apcmin-Mediated Intestinal Cancer Risk,” published in the March issue of the peer-reviewed journal Cancer Research, provides evidence that a combination of folate deficiency and reduced expression of the SHMT1 gene, which is required for accurate DNA synthesis, boosts the risk of colon cancer in a mouse model. The study indicates that the SHMT1 gene may be a factor in itself, and also demonstrates how dietary folate, a B vitamin, may interact with an individual’s genetic make-up to increase colon cancer risk.

“Nutrition and genetics work together to contribute to the creation of cancer cells and, based on the similarity of folate metabolism in mice and humans, it is likely that this gene is associated with human colon cancer,” said Patrick Stover, professor in the Division of Nutritional Sciences and the senior author of the paper.

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, claiming more than 50,000 lives each year.

“Molecular antecedents that promote development of sporadic colon cancer include DNA damage. Lack of critical nutrients increases rates of DNA damage. Therefore, lack of folate has the potential to induce this damage that ultimately results in transforming normal cells to cancer cells,” said Stover.

Screening for colorectal cancer is recommended for all individuals over 50; however, close to 40 percent of the U.S. population in this age group does not take this precautionary method. Individuals who choose not to pursue colonoscopies may want to ensure their diets contain adequate amounts of folate, Stover said. The U.S. recommended daily allowance for folate is 400 micrograms per day. Foods that are rich in folate include many fruits and vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts and seeds.






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30-03-2011 06:03 PM




السلام عليكم


New Cancer Drug Discovered at U-M Heads to Clinical Trials

Newswise — ANN ARBOR, Mich. — Researchers at the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center have developed a new drug called AT-406 with potential to treat multiple types of cancer.

A study, published this week in the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, showed that AT-406 effectively targets proteins that block normal cell death from occurring. Blocking these proteins caused tumor cells to die, while not harming normal cells. The researchers believe the drug could potentially be used alone or in combination with other treatments.

The normal cell death process, called apoptosis, is what keeps normal cells in check. When apoptosis is disrupted, cells reproduce uncontrollably, which is a hallmark of human cancer.

“Removing key apoptosis blockades in tumor cells is a completely new cancer therapeutic approach and could have benefit for the treatment of many types of human tumors,” says study author Shaomeng Wang, Ph.D., Warner-Lambert/Parke-Davis Professor in Medicine and director of the Cancer Drug Discovery Program at the U-M Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Wang’s laboratory has been pursuing new cancer treatments aimed at this cell death pathway since 2003. His team designed and made AT-406 and tested it in the laboratory in 2006. The small-molecule drug hones in directly on the proteins – called inhibitor of apoptosis proteins or IAPs – that block cell death. The researchers found that AT-406 destroyed these proteins in cancer cells. Meanwhile, the drug had little to no effect on normal cells.

In animal models, the drug shrank tumors but caused few side effects. The drug is designed to be taken by mouth, which researchers say will make it easier than traditional intravenous chemotherapies to administer.

Patent applications covering the drug are exclusively licensed to Ascenta Therapeutics, a privately-held, clinical stage biopharmaceutical company co-founded by Wang. After extensive testing, Ascenta began the first clinical trial in 2010 testing AT-406 for cancer treatment. This trial, which is being tested in all solid tumors, is offered at the U-M Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duke University and the Mayo Clinic. Ascenta has also recently opened a second trial of AT-406 in high-risk acute myeloid leukemia at the U-M Comprehensive Cancer Center. Several more clinical trials are planned.

“Our research goal and our passion is to translate our science and discovery into new and effective medicines for patients,” Wang says. “I am delighted to see the drug we have designed, made and tested in our laboratory now being given to patients right here in the same building.”

Note to patients: AT-406 is still in early stages of testing. To learn more about clinical trials opportunities at the U-M Comprehensive Cancer Center, visit UMClinicalStudies.org or call the Cancer AnswerLine at 800-865-1125.

Additional authors: Qian Cai, Haiying Sun, Yuefeng Peng, Jianfeng Lu, Zaneta Nikolovska-Coleska, Donna McEachern, Liu Liu, Su Qiu, ChaoYie Yang, Rebecca Miller, Han Yi, Tao Zhang and Duxin Sun, all from U-M; Sanmao Kang, Ming Guo, Lance Leopold and Dajun Yang, all from Ascenta Therapeutics

Funding: Breast Cancer Research Foundation, National Cancer Institute, Ascenta Therapeutics and the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center

Disclosure: Shaomeng Wang owns stocks and stock options in Ascenta and serves as a consultant for Ascenta.





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30-03-2011 06:06 PM




السلام عليكم


New “Nanodrug” Breaks Down Barriers to Attack Breast Cancer Cells from the Inside Out

Newswise — LOS ANGELES (March 29, 2011) – Throwing stones at castle walls is one way to attack an enemy, but sneaking inside makes the target much more vulnerable.

Researchers at Cedars-Sinai’s Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute have employed a similar strategy using a mouse model to target important mechanisms inside the most challenging breast cancer cells. Earlier studies at Cedars-Sinai found a similar approach effective in attacking malignant brain tumor targets.

Unlike other drugs that target cancer cells from outside and often injure normal cells as a side effect, this therapy consists of multiple drugs chemically bonded to a “transport vehicle.” The drugs bypass healthy cells, accumulate inside tumor cells and attack molecular targets that enable cancer cells to grow and spread. Studies using a mouse model show this highly targeted approach, using combinations of drugs, to be more effective than standard treatment methods.

This research targeted HER2-positive breast cancer – a type that, due to a genetic mutation, makes excessive amounts of a protein that promotes the growth of cancer cells. HER2-positive breast cancers tend to be more aggressive and less responsive to treatment than other breast cancers.

One commonly used antitumor drug, trastuzumab (Herceptin®), is sometimes beneficial, but with advantages and disadvantages. It is an antibody to the HER2 antigen, which means it naturally seeks out this protein in cancers. But its effectiveness as a treatment usually is limited because in 66 to 88 percent of patients, the tumors become resistant within the first year of treatment. Herceptin also can injure normal organs it contacts.

The researchers reported in their recent studies, published in a recent issue of Cancer Research, that the new drug carried multiple molecular components, each with a distinct role. These key components included: Herceptin to target the existing HER2 protein; another molecule to attack a genetic mechanism responsible for the production of new protein; and a molecule to open tumor blood vessels and deliver the drugs into the cancer cells for release. Injected into mice with implanted human breast cancer cells, the drugs accumulated in the cancer cells and worked together to significantly reduce tumor growth.

The drug is in an emerging class called nanobiopolymeric conjugates, or nanoconjugates.

“Nanobiopolymers enhance cancer cell targeting and treatment in several ways: Certain antibodies can be attached to precisely target proteins in tumor cells; drug resistance and systemic side-effects are reduced because drugs are ‘bound’ to the platform and delivered to the interior of cancer cells without affecting healthy cells; and multiple drugs can be carried on a single platform, making it possible to simultaneously attack several targets,” said Julia Y. Ljubimova, M.D. Ph.D., senior author of an article in a recent issue of Cancer Research. She directs the Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Laboratory in the Department of Neurosurgery at Cedars-Sinai.

Nanoconjugates are the latest evolution of molecular drugs designed to enter cells and alter defined targets within them. As suggested by the term “bioconjugate,” these systems contain chemical “modules” attached (conjugated) to a delivery vehicle by strong chemical bonds. The nanoconjugate exists as a single chemical unit and the tight bonds prevent the components from getting damaged or separated in tissues or blood plasma during transit. With inventive drug engineering, the antitumor components activate inside tumor cells.

The ultimate assault on a tumor cell depends on a complex, well-choreographed chain of biochemical events, such as: specifically homing to tumor cells; permeating the walls of blood vessels and tumor cells; releasing antitumor drugs at the right place and time; and dismantling mechanisms that help tumor-feeding blood vessels grow.

“Based on our studies, our nanobioconjugate appears to be a safe and efficient delivery platform that may be tailored to treat a wide array of disorders. It is harmlessly degraded to carbon dioxide and water, nontoxic to normal tissue, and, unlike some drugs, it is non-immunogenic, meaning it does not stimulate the immune system to the point of causing allergic reactions, which may range from mild coughs or rashes to sudden, life-threatening symptoms,” Ljubimova said.

Other major contributors to this study and the article include: Satoshi Inoue, M.D.,Ph.D., the research scientist who performed the experiments;Hui Ding, Ph.D.,the chemist who synthesized the drug; and Eggehard Holler, Ph.D., a biochemist who for many years studied the polymer that forms the drug’s backbone.Holler is affiliated with Cedars-Sinai and the University of Regensburg in Germany.

Ljubimova’s lab is part of Cedars-Sinai’s Department of Neurosurgeryand Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute. Keith L. Black, M.D., department chairman and institute director, contributed to the journal article.

With neurosurgeons, chemists, cancer specialists and other experts researching at a single site, Cedars-Sinai teams have made many significant discoveries and gained respect typically reserved for large centers with many scientists on sprawling campuses.

The National Cancer Institute announced last year that, as part of its Nanotechnology in Cancer Program, Cedars-Sinai’s nanomedicine research laboratory will receive a five-year grant for more study on its nanoconjugate.

Black, Ljubimova and Holler have equity interest in Arrogene, a company with interest in this technology. The current study was supported by funding from the National Institutes of Health, the Winnick Family Foundation, and the Department of Neurosurgery at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.



Citation: Cancer Research: “Polymalic Acid-Based Nanobiopolymer Provides Efficient Systemic Breast Cancer Treatment by Inhibiting Both HER2/new Receptor Synthesis and Activity.” In print Feb. 15, 2011. Available online.






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30-03-2011 06:16 PM




السلام عليكم


Antibiotics Wrapped in Nanofibers Turn Resistant Disease-Producing Bacteria Into Ghosts

Newswise — ANAHEIM, March 29 , 2011 — Encapsulating antibiotics inside nanofibers, like a mummy inside a sarcophagus, gives them the amazing ability to destroy drug-resistant bacteria so completely that scientists described the remains as mere “ghosts,” according to a report today at the the 241st National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS).

Mohamed H. El-Newehy, Ph.D., leader of the nanofibers research team, said the new technology has potentially important applications in the on-going battle against antibiotic-resistant infections. Estimates suggest that more than 100,000 people in the United States alone develop such infections each year, with nearly 20,000 deaths. Health care costs from those infections may exceed $20 billion annually.

“The rapid emergence of bacteria resistant to commonly used antibiotics has become a serious public health problem,” said El-Newehy. “There is an urgent need to identify new antibiotics that work in different ways that can overcome resistance. Our approach is not a new antibiotic, but a new way of delivering existing antibiotics.”

That approach, El-Newehy explained, could make new treatments available to patients much faster than trying to discover and develop brand-new medicines, a process that typically takes 10-12 years and costs $800 million to almost $2 billion. It could be used against a broad range of bacteria to fight disease, prevent bacterial and fungal contamination in the food industry, inhibit the growth of microorganisms in drinking water and enhance the effects of chemotherapy, he added.

It involves putting common antibiotics inside nanofibers made of polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene oxide — wisps of plastic-like material so small that peach hair or a strand of spider silk are gigantic by comparison. Nanofibers can’t even be seen under a regular microscope, and almost a billion could be lined up side-by-side along the length of a yard stick.

El-Newehy’s group knew that nanofibers have special properties due to their high surface area to weight ratio. Those properties have kindled research on multiple biomedical applications nanofibers, including wound dressings, medical textiles, antibacterial materials to control post-operative inflammation, and new ways of delivering drugs. They decided to test the effects of nanofibers with multiple antibiotics encapsulated directly into fiber, using laboratory cultures of various microbes. Antibiotics wrapped inside nanofibers were highly effective in killing a variety of disease causing bacteria and fungi, including E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two increasingly drug-resistant microbes.

“When treated with antibiotics wrapped in nanofibers, the microbes were severely damaged and many cells were enlarged, elongated, fragmented, or left as just empty ghosts,” El-Newehy said. “The fibers by themselves, without antibiotic did not affect the bacteria. They seem to work by boosting the power of the antibiotics. By wrapping the anti-microbial agents in the fibers, it makes the drug action more focused and the agents are effective for longer period of time than with conventional delivery techniques.”

El-Newehy, with the Petrochemical Research Chair, Department of Chemistry College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, said that besides drug delivery, nanofibers are being used for tissue engineering, wound dressing, medical textiles and antimicrobial materials that can be used to control post-operative inflammation, promote wound healing and dressing, especially for diabetic ulcers.

Salem Al-Deyab, Ph.D., the supervisor of Petrochemical Research Chair at King Saud University, said that this study was funded by the Petrochemical Research Chair at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. In addition, Petrochemical Research Chair has the lead in the possession of the first machine (Nanospider) for producing nanofibers in Saudi Arabia, said Al-Deyab. Officials plan a major effort to develop the Nanofibers Research Center at Petrochemical Research Chair to become a major center for Nanofibers Research for different applications at King Saud University, said Al-Deyab.

The American Chemical Society is a non-profit organization chartered by the U.S. Congress. With more than 163,000 members, ACS is the world’s largest scientific society and a global leader in providing access to chemistry-related research through its multiple databases, peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences. Its main offices are in Washington, D.C., and Columbus, Ohio.






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02-04-2011 05:37 AM




السلام عليكم:

'Good Cholesterol' Nanoparticles Seek and Destroy Cancer Cells

Released: 4/1/2011 3:00 PM EDT
Source: University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
Scientists package HDL with gene-silencing siRNA to target tumors, spare normal tissue

Newswise — HOUSTON - High-density lipoprotein's hauls excess cholesterol to the liver for disposal, but new research suggests "good cholesterol" can also act as a special delivery vehicle of destruction for cancer.

Synthetic HDL nanoparticles loaded with small interfering RNA to silence cancer-promoting genes selectively shrunk or destroyed ovarian cancer tumors in mice, a research team led by scientists from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and the University of North Texas Health Science Center reports in the April edition of Neoplasia.

"RNA interference has great therapeutic potential but delivering it to cancer cells has been problematic," said Anil Sood, M.D., the study's senior author and MD Anderson's director of Ovarian Cancer Research and co-director of the Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA at MD Anderson. "Combining siRNA with HDL provides an efficient way to get these molecules to their targets. This study has several important implications in the ability to fight certain cancers."

Sood and Andras Lacko, Ph.D., professor of Molecular Biology and Immunology at UNT Health Science Center, jointly developed the nanoparticles, which build on Lacko's original insight about HDL's potential for cancer drug delivery.

The next step is to prepare for human clinical trials, the two scientists said. "If we can knock out 70, 80 or 90 percent of tumors without drug accumulation in normal tissues in mice, it is likely that many cancer patients could benefit from this new type of treatment in the long run," Lacko said.

Only cancer and liver cells express HDL receptor
Previous studies have shown that cancer cells attract and scavenge HDL by producing high levels of its receptor, SR-B1. As cancer cells take in HDL, they grow and proliferate. The only other site in the body that makes SR-B1 receptor is the liver. This selectivity for cancer cells protects normal, healthy cells from side effects.

Previous attempts to deliver siRNA by lipsomes and other nanoparticles have been hampered by toxicity and other concerns. The tiny bits of RNA, which regulate genes in a highly targeted fashion, can't simply be injected, for example.
"If siRNA is not in a nanoparticle, it gets broken down and excreted before it can be effective," Sood said. "HDL is completely biocompatible and is a safety improvement over other types of nanoparticles."

The team developed a synthetic version of HDL, called rHDL, because it's more stable than the natural version.

Fewer and smaller tumors, less toxicity
Using rHDL as a delivery method has other advantages as well. rHDL has not shown to cause immunologic responses, helping to minimize potential side effects, Lacko said, and it exhibits longer time in circulation than other drug formulations or lipoproteins. Also, because SR-B1 is found only in the liver, an rHDL vehicle will help block and treat metastasis to that organ.

Researchers first confirmed the distribution of SR-B1 and the uptake of rHDL nanoparticles in mice injected with cancer cells. They found that siRNA was distributed evenly in about 80 percent of a treated tumor. As expected, the nanoparticles accumulated in the liver with minimal or no delivery to the brain, heart, lung, kidney or spleen. Safety studies showed uptake in the liver did not cause adverse effects.

Using siRNA tailored to the individual gene, the researchers separately shut down the genes STAT3 and FAK in various types of treatment-resistant ovarian cancer tumors. STAT3 and FAK are important to cancer growth, progression and metastasis; however, they also play important roles in normal tissue so targeting precision is vital.

The siRNA/rHDL formulation alone reduced the size and number of tumors by 60 to 80 percent. Combinations with chemotherapy caused reductions above 90 percent.

Conventional approaches to target STAT3 have met limited success, Sood said. FAK, which is over expressed in colorectal, breast, ovarian, thyroid and prostate cancers, is particularly aggressive in ovarian cancer and one reason for its poor survival rate. While previous attempts have targeted FAK with liposomal nanoparticles or small molecule inhibitors, these methods are not tumor-specific and are more likely to harm normal cells, the scientists noted.

Next Step: Clinical Studies
"In order to help expedite the study's progress to a clinical setting, we have identified 12 genes as biomarkers for response to STAT3-targeted therapy," Sood said. "Next, we'll work with the National Cancer Institute Nanoparticle Characterization Lab to develop a formulation of the HDL/siRNA nanoparticle for human use."

MD Anderson and UNT have applied for a patent for the nanoparticle delivery method. These arrangements are managed by MD Anderson and the University of North Texas HSC in accordance with institutional conflict of interest policies.
Co-authors with Sood include first author Mian M.K. Shahzad, M.D., Hee Dong Han, Ph.D., Chunhua Lu, M.D., Justin Bottsford-Miller, M.D., Masato Nishimura, M.D., Ph.D., Rebecca L. Stone, M.D., Jeong-Won Lee, M.D., Duangmani Thanapprapasr, M.D., and Ju-Won Roh, M.D. Ph.D. of MD Anderson's Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Lingegowda S. Mangala, Ph.D., of the Department of Radiation Biophysics, NASA Johnson Space Center, University of Space Research Association, Houston; Edna M. Mora, M.D., of MD Anderson's Department of Surgical Oncology and the University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Chad V. Pecot, M.D., of MD Anderson's Department of Cancer Medicine; Puja Gaur, M.D., of MD Anderson's Department of Surgical Oncology; Maya P. Nair, Ph.D., Nirupama Sabnis, Ph.D., Laszlo Prokai, Ph.D., and Andras G. Lacko, Ph.D., of the Department of Molecular Biology & Immunology, University of North Texas-HSC, Fort Worth, TX; Yun-Yong Park, Ph.D., and Ju-Seog Lee, Ph.D., of MD Anderson's Department of Systems Biology; Michael T. Deavers, M.D., of MD Anderson's Department of Pathology; Lee M. Ellis, M.D., of MD Anderson's Departments of Cancer Biology and Surgical Oncology; Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, M.D., of MD Anderson's Departments of Cancer Biology and Experimental Therapeutics; Walter J. McConathy, Ph.D., of MD Anderson's Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNA and the Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University-HSC, Fort Worth, TX.
This research was supported by grants from GCF Molly-Cade, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Defense, Ovarian Cancer Research Fund, Inc., Zarrow Foundation, The Marcus Foundation, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center SPORE in Ovarian Cancer, the Betty Ann Asche Murray Distinguished Professorship, Deborah Gonzalez Women's Health Fellowship Award, the Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cowtown Cruisin' for the Cure and a HER grant from the University of North Texas Health Science Center.
About MD Anderson
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston ranks as one of the world's most respected centers focused on cancer patient care, research, education and prevention. MD Anderson is one of only 40 comprehensive cancer centers designated by the National Cancer Institute. For seven of the past nine years, including 2010, MD Anderson has ranked No. 1 in cancer care in "America's Best Hospitals," a survey published annually in U.S. News & World Report





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02-04-2011 05:42 AM




Is It Just A Cold Or Is It Allergies?

Released: 4/1/2011 4:00 PM EDT
Source: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center

Newswise — CINCINNATI—One of the problems that parents may have during the springtime is deciphering whether their children’s sneezing is due to a cold or allergies.
“Runny, stuffy or itchy noses, sneezing, coughing, fatigue, and headaches can all be symptoms of both allergies and colds but when parents pay close attention to minor details they will be able to tell the difference,” says Michelle Lierl, MD, a pediatric allergist at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center.
“Children who have springtime or fall allergies have much more itching of their noses; they often have fits of sneezing and usually rub their noses in an upward motion. They also complain about an itchy, scratchy throat or itchy eyes, whereas with a cold, they don’t,” she said.
Dr. Lierl also said that nasal discharge for allergy patients is usually clear and has the consistency of watery mucus, while patients who have colds usually have yellowish mucus discharge.
Dr. Lierl said that there is a blood test called the Immunocap, or RAST, that can screen for allergy to specific foods or airborne allergens. RAST can be ordered by any doctor, but it is important that patients or their parents talk with their doctors first. Children experiencing seasonal allergy symptoms should be tested for environmental allergens present during that season and not for food allergies or allergens present during seasons when they had no symptoms. The results of the RAST test are back after seven to 10 days, whereas allergists can do allergy skin testing in one day in the doctor’s office.
If parents discover that their children have allergies, Dr. Lierl suggests the following tips to combat symptoms:
• Windows should be kept closed during periods of very high pollen and fungal spore levels.

• Change air conditioner filters every month.
• Change children’s clothing when they come inside from the outdoors. Clothes should also be washed thoroughly to rid them of all of the outdoor pollutants.
• Children should wash their face, hands and hair after being outside.
• Wash the child’s eyes and nose with a non-prescription saline solution when the child has been outside to remove the pollen and fungal spores from the eyes.
• Minimize early morning outdoor activity since pollen counts are higher in the morning.
• Keep vehicle windows closed while traveling with an allergic child in the car to keep allergens and pollen out.
• Most important, make sure children take their allergy medicine daily during the pollen season.
For more information about springtime allergies, please search the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology’s web site at www.aaaai.org.
About Cincinnati Children’s
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center is one of just eight children’s hospitals named to the Honor Roll in U.S. News and World Report’s 2010-11 Best Children’s Hospitals. It is ranked #1 for digestive disorders and highly ranked for its expertise in pulmonology, cancer, neonatology, heart and heart surgery, neurology and neurosurgery, diabetes and endocrinology, orthopedics, kidney disorders and urology. Cincinnati Children’s is one of the top two recipients of pediatric research grants from the National Institutes of Health. It is internationally recognized for quality and transformation work by Leapfrog, The Joint Commission, the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, the federal Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and by hospitals and health organizations it works with globally. Additional information can be found at www.cincinnatichildrens.org.





ملتقى طلاب جامعة دمشق




أنت غير مسجل لدينا.. يمكنك التسجيل الآن.

مشاركة : 337


....{SalaM}....

عضــو ماسـي


{{يارب أكرمنا بكرامة القرآن}}




مسجل منذ: 31-07-2009
عدد المشاركات: 3855
تقييمات العضو: 532
المتابعون: 132

غير موجود
اشــترك بالتحديثات
رسالة مستعجلة

رد مشاركة : ................{كل شي جديد}............

02-04-2011 01:32 PM




السلام عليكم


موجات الكهرباء أحدث طريقة لإخماد النيران  علوم وتكنولوجيا

توصل علماء أميركيون إلى طريقة جديدة لإخماد النيران، وذلك باستخدام موجات الكهرباء لتوليد

حقل كهرومغناطيسي، يفصل ألسنة اللهب عن الموقع الذي تشتعل فيه، ما يؤدي إلى

إخمادها.

وذكرت شبكة الأخبار الأميركية (CNN) أن "علماء من جامعة "هارفرد" الأمريكية أجروا تجربة

عملية تقوم على وصل خط كهربائي بقوة 600 واط إلى سلك معدني ثابت موجه إلى قاعدة

نيران مشتعلة بسبب غاز الميثان، وبمجرد توصيل الكهرباء إلى السلك تولد حقل

كهرومغناطيسي دفع النار بعيدا عن مصدرها".

وأوضح المشرف على التجربة، أستاذ الكيمياء في الجامعة، جورج وايتسايد، أن "العلماء كانوا

منذ أكثر من قرنين يدركون إمكانية تأثير موجات الكهرباء المغناطيسية على الشحنات المشتعلة

وتغيير شكل ألسنة اللهب".

وأردف أن "ما تم اكتشافه هو أن استخدام حقل كهرومغناطيسي متذبذب باتجاه مصدر النيران

يمكنه أن يؤثر كثيراً عليها مع الأخذ بعين الاعتبار عوامل أخرى، إذ يعتقد أن هذا الحقل يصطدم

بالجزيئات الموجودة في اللهب وتحركها من مكانها، وتقوم تلك الأخيرة من جانبها بالاصطدام

بجزيئات الغاز وتحركها من مكانها".

وأضاف العالم الأمريكي أن "هذه التحركات قوية لدرجة يمكنها فصل جزيئات الغاز عن جزيئات

اللهب، ما يؤدي إلى خمود النيران".

وبيّن وايتسايد أن "التجارب نجحت بشكل كامل حتى الساعة في إخماد النيران المنبعثة من

الغاز، ولكن النيران التي تنتج عن إحراق الخشب قد تكون أكثر تعقيداً، إذ أن استمرار الحرارة

المرتفعة في الخشب قد يعيد إشعال النار، وإن كانت التجارب التي جرت على مستويات

محدودة قد نجحت في إطفاء النيران الناجمة عن احتراق الخشب".

وبحسب العالم الأميركي، فإن هذه التجارب قد تقود في المستقبل إلى تطوير أجهزة قادرة

على إخماد النيران بصورة مبتكرة، تكون مثل مرشات في الأسطح أو الحقول المفتوحة تقوم

بضخ موجات كهرومغناطيسية عوض المياه والمواد الكيميائية.

ولفت إلى إمكانية تصميم أجهزة محمولة على الظهر تطلق موجات كهرومغناطيسية تحملها

وحدات الإطفاء، مضيفا أنها ستكون كافية لإطفاء النيران، أو على الأقل فتح ثغرات وتشكيل

ممرات آمنة يمكن عبرها إخراج المحاصرين.

يشار إلى أن هذه التجربة تعتبر الأولى من نوعها، ومدى فعالية الأسلوب الجديد يمكن أن

ترشحه ليحل محل المياه والمركبات الكيميائية في محاربة النيران.

سيريانيوز





ملتقى طلاب جامعة دمشق




أنت غير مسجل لدينا.. يمكنك التسجيل الآن.

مشاركة : 338


....{SalaM}....

عضــو ماسـي


{{يارب أكرمنا بكرامة القرآن}}




مسجل منذ: 31-07-2009
عدد المشاركات: 3855
تقييمات العضو: 532
المتابعون: 132

غير موجود
اشــترك بالتحديثات
رسالة مستعجلة

رد مشاركة : ................{كل شي جديد}............

02-04-2011 01:40 PM




السلام عليكم


دراسة تؤكد قدرة الرمان على معالجة 11 مرضا   

عدن-سانا

أكدت دراسة علمية حديثة أن فاكهة الرمان تفيد في معالجة 11 مرضا فضلا عن استفادة جسم

الإنسان من العناصر الغذائية المتوفرة فيها.

ونقلت وكالة الأنباء اليمنية سبأ عن دراسة أعدها مركز الأغذية وتقانات ما بعد الحصاد بعدن

قولها إن بذور الرمان ذات الغلاف العصيري البلوري والتي تستخدم في سلطة الفواكه تقضي

على البكتيريا التي تسبب الإسهال كما تقوي القلب والمعدة وتدر البول وتطهر الدم وتذيب

حصوات الكلى وتلطف الحرارة المرتفعة في جسم الإنسان.

وأشارت الدراسة إلى أن مسحوق أزهار الرمان يستخدم شرابا ضد الإسهال وإن غلي قشوره

يفيد في طرد الديدان الشريطية لاحتوائها على الثياني والفلوريدات الطيارة والأحماض العضوية.

وبينت الدراسة أنه يمكن استخدام الرمان في معالجة الوهن العصبي وبعض الأورام التي تصيب

الأغشية المخاطية وخاصة إذا استخدم مع العسل.

ولفتت الدراسة إلى أن فاكهة الرمان تحتوي على مواد سكرية بنسب متفاوتة من 10 إلى 15

بالمئة وعلى 1 بالمئة من حامض الليمون ونسب عالية من الماء والفضلات والمواد البروتينية

إلى جانب مجموعة من المعادن إضافة إلى نسب قليلة من الفوسفور والحديد والمغنيزيوم

ونسبة من المواد الدهنية.





ملتقى طلاب جامعة دمشق




أنت غير مسجل لدينا.. يمكنك التسجيل الآن.

مشاركة : 339


....{SalaM}....

عضــو ماسـي


{{يارب أكرمنا بكرامة القرآن}}




مسجل منذ: 31-07-2009
عدد المشاركات: 3855
تقييمات العضو: 532
المتابعون: 132

غير موجود
اشــترك بالتحديثات
رسالة مستعجلة

رد مشاركة : ................{كل شي جديد}............

02-04-2011 07:27 PM




السلام عليكم


(كرة الشمس) اختراع جديد لتنقية المياه   





نيويورك-سانا

أنجز طالب في إحدى كليات العلوم الأسترالية اختراعاً جديداً وبسيطاً في آن يأمل معه أن

يتمكن من معالجة مشكلة نقص المياه النقية وتلوث مصادر الشرب في الدول النامية بتكاليف

زهيدة وذلك من خلال كرة من البلاستيك المرن بحجم كرة السلة تنقي المياه باستخدام حرارة

الشمس.

وذكرت شبكة سي ان ان الإخبارية أن الاختراع يحمل اسم كرة الشمس وهي عبارة عن كرة

مقسومة إلى قسمين الأول سفلي توضع فيه المياه الملوثة والثاني علوي حيث تتجمع المياه

النقية وليس على الراغب باستخدام هذه الكرة إلا تركها في الشمس خلال النهار لتتولى

الحرارة تبخير المياه الملوثة الموجودة في القعر فيتصاعد البخار إلى القسم العلوي حيث يتكثف

بطبيعة الحال، ويتحول إلى مياه نقية يمكن سحبها من فوهة جانبية.

وقال مخترع الجهاز ليو إن كمية المياه المنتجة يومياً تعتمد على الحرارة الخارجية وقوة أشعة

الشمس مشيرا إلى أن التصميم بالأساس مخصص للدول النامية التي تقع بشكل طبيعي في

مناطق حارة أو شبه حارة وبالتالي هي قادرة على الاستفادة من الاختراع بشكل كامل.

وأضاف: الأمر يتعلق بالحرارة التي تصيب الكرة ولكن يمكن القول إن كل كرة قادرة على إنتاج ما

بين لترين إلى ثلاثة لترات من الماء يومياً.

ويقول المخترع الشاب إن كرة الشمس حظيت باهتمام صحفي وعلمي كبيرين في استراليا

نظراً لبساطتها وفاعليتها مشيرا إلى أن هناك حاجة للمزيد من الدراسات قبل طرحها في

الأسواق في عام 2012 على الأكثر.

وخطرت الفكرة ببال ليو للمرة الأولى عام 2008 بعد أن عاد زميل له من رحلة في أثيوبيا ونقل له

الصور والمشاهدات حول المصاعب الحياتية اليومية للبشر في هذه الدولة وما يعانونه للحصول

على مياه نقية.





ملتقى طلاب جامعة دمشق




أنت غير مسجل لدينا.. يمكنك التسجيل الآن.

مشاركة : 340


....{SalaM}....

عضــو ماسـي


{{يارب أكرمنا بكرامة القرآن}}




مسجل منذ: 31-07-2009
عدد المشاركات: 3855
تقييمات العضو: 532
المتابعون: 132

غير موجود
اشــترك بالتحديثات
رسالة مستعجلة

رد مشاركة : ................{كل شي جديد}............

02-04-2011 07:33 PM




السلام عليكم


وجبة الفطور تمنع تسمم الدم بالرصاص   

لندن-سانا

اكتشف علماء فائدة جديدة لتناول وجبة الفطور في الصباح الباكر فقد قادتهم الأبحاث إلى أن

هذه الوجبة التي يعرف عنها قدرتها على الحد من تزايد الوزن وكذلك تزويد الجسم بالسعرات

الضرورية لبدء يوم العمل يمكنها أيضا الحماية من التسمم بمعدن الرصاص وخاصة لدى الأطفال.

وقالت الدراسة التي نشرتها مجلة الصحة البيئية إن العلماء أجروا مسحا للأوضاع الصحية في

بعض مناطق الصين التي تعاني مستويات مرتفعة من التلوث أظهر أن الأطفال الذين يتناولون

وجبة الفطور يتراجع تركيز الرصاص في دمائهم بنسبة 15 بالمئة مقارنة بنظرائهم الذين لا

يحرصون على هذه الوجبة.

وأضافت الدراسة أن الجسم يمتص المعادن من الغذاء بحسب أهميتها فتكون الأولوية

للكالسيوم والفوسفات ولكن في حال غيابهما بسبب عدم الحصول على الوجبة الصباحية فإن

الجسم سيكون أكثر استعدادا لامتصاص كميات كبيرة من الرصاص.

وذكرت الدراسة التي استمرت لستة أشهر أن نقص الطعام في الجسم بالساعات الأولى من

النهار يزيد من قدرة الدم على امتصاص الرصاص مشيرة إلى أن المصادر الأساسية للتلوث

بالرصاص هي الاحتكاك بالدهان والصباغ اللذين يحتويان على هذا المعدن حتى بعد جفافه

وشرب المياه من أنابيب ومضخات قديمة مصنوعة من الرصاص أو استخدام آنية الطعام التي

يدخل هذا المعدن في تركيبها إلى جانب بعض المستحضرات التجميلية مثل الكحل.

وأشارت الدراسة إلى أن أولياء الأمور الذين يتمتعون بمستويات تعليمية عالية أو وظائف مرموقة

كانوا أكثر وعيا لفوائد وجبة الفطور وحرصوا على تقديمها لأطفالهم بشكل متواصل0





ملتقى طلاب جامعة دمشق




أنت غير مسجل لدينا.. يمكنك التسجيل الآن.
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